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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Gimme That
Old Time Christmas! Holiday Films DVD, MP4 Download, USB
December 6: Saint Nicholas Day (The Feast
Of Saint Nicholas): -- An annual recognition celebrated on the
anniversary of the death of the third-century saint who became an
inspiration for the modern-day Santa Claus. St. Nicholas is known
for selling all his possessions and giving his money to the poor.
It isobserved on December 6 in Western Christian countries or on
December 5 in others, and on December 19 in Eastern Christian
countries using the old church Calendar, it is the feast day of
Saint Nicholas of Myra, falling within the season of Advent. It is
celebrated as a Christian festival with particular regard to Saint
Nicholas' reputation as a bringer of gifts, as well as through the
attendance of church services. Raised as a devout Christian, Saint
Nicholas dedicated his whole life to serving the sick and
suffering. Legendary stories about St. Nicholas later become part
of the inspiration for the modern-day Santa Claus. For example,
during the third century, a daughter's chances of marriage
increased when her father offered a large dowry to prospective
husbands. One story tells of a poor father with three daughters.
He had no dowry to offer. Traditionally, families left their shoes
by the fires at night so that they could dry. On three separate
occasions, Ol' St. Nicholas provided a dowry for each girl. Legend
says he made gold appear in their shoes, drying by the fire. While
St. Nicholas Day is not to be confused with Christmas, some
similarities do exist. Traditions include leaving gifts in shoes
(or stockings) or the exchange of small gifts. Another tradition
suggests leaving treats for good boys and girls. However, the
naughty ones receive a twig or chunk of coal. Saint Nicholas is
the patron saint of a great many causes. Some of the causes
include sailors, travelers, clergy, school children, and thieves,
to name a few. He was born in the village of Patar, Turkey on
March 15, 270 AD, located on the southeastern coast of modern-day
Turkey. Buried in a tomb in Myra, Turkey, water believed to have
healing powers formed in his grave; it is called the Manna of
Saint Nicholas. In the European countries of Germany and Poland,
boys have traditionally dressed as bishops and begged alms for the
poor. In Poland and Ukraine children wait for St. Nicholas to come
and to put a present under their pillows provided that the
children were good during the year. Children who behaved badly may
expect to find a twig or a piece of coal under their pillows. In
the Netherlands and Belgium children put out a shoe filled with
hay and a carrot for Saint Nicholas' horse. On Saint Nicholas Day,
gifts are tagged with personal humorous rhymes written by the
sender. In the United States, one custom associated with Saint
Nicholas Day is children leaving their shoes in the foyer on Saint
Nicholas Eve in hope that Saint Nicholas will place some coins on
the soles. The American Santa Claus, as well as the British Father
Christmas, derive from Saint Nicholas. "Santa Claus" is
itself derived in part from the Dutch Sinterklaas, the saint's
name in that language. However, the gift giving associated with
these descendant figures is associated with Christmas Day rather
than Saint Nicholas Day itself. To observe Saint Nicholas Day:
Incorporate some Saint Nicholas Day traditions into your holiday
season! Slip a gift or surprise into someone's shoe. It doesn't
have to be anything elaborate. You could leave a special note or a
small wrapped piece of chocolate. Leave a coin or an ornament for
the tree. Tuck a stress ball or a new pair of socks into a loved
one's pair of shoes. A fun air freshener or small bath bomb are
two more fun gifts to sneak into a pair of shoes. Share the story
of St. Nicholas - and use #StNicholasDay #SaintNicholasDay and
#FeastOfSaintNicholas to post on social media! On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Monarchy
In The UK: British Royal History MP4 Video Download DVD Set
December 6, 1421: #BOTD: #HBD! Henry VI
Of England, King Of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470
to 1471, and disputed King Of France from 1422 to 1453, informally
regarded as a saint and martyr to whom miracles were attributed
after his death until the 16th century, subject of a trilogy of
plays by William Shakespeare (d. May 21, 1471) is #born Henry
Lancaster in Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England. Henry VI became
King Of England at the age of nine months after his father King
Henry V died of dysentery at his fortress home, The Chateau de
Vincennes, next to the town of Vincennes, on the eastern edge of
Paris, France, alongside what is now the Bois de Vincennes public
park. The only child of Henry V, Henry VI succeeded to the French
throne on the death of his maternal grandfather, Charles VI,
shortly afterward becoming King Of England. Henry inherited the
Hundred Years' War (1337-1453), in which his uncle Charles VII
contested his claim to the French throne. He is the only English
monarch to have been also crowned King Of France, in 1431. His
early reign, when several people were ruling for him, saw the
pinnacle of English power in France, but subsequent military,
diplomatic, and economic problems had seriously endangered the
English cause by the time Henry was declared fit to rule in 1437.
He found his realm in a difficult position, faced with setbacks in
France and divisions among the nobility at home. Unlike his
father, Henry is described as timid, shy, passive,
well-intentioned and averse to warfare and violence; he was also
at times mentally unstable. His ineffective reign saw the gradual
loss of the English lands in France. Partially in the hope of
achieving peace, in 1445 Henry married Charles VII's niece, the
ambitious and strong-willed Margaret of Anjou. The peace policy
failed, leading to the murder of one of Henry's key advisers,
William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, and the war recommenced,
with France taking the upper hand; by 1453, Calais was Henry's
only remaining territory on the continent. As the situation in
France worsened, there was a related increase in political
instability in England. With Henry effectively unfit to rule,
power was exercised by quarrelsome nobles, while factions and
favourites encouraged the rise of disorder in the country.
Regional magnates and soldiers returning from France formed and
maintained increasing numbers of private armed retainers, with
whom they fought one another, terrorised their neighbours,
paralysed the courts, and dominated the government. Queen Margaret
did not remain nonpartisan and took advantage of the situation to
make herself an effective power behind the throne. Amid military
disasters in France and a collapse of law and order in England,
the Queen and her clique came under accusations, especially from
Henry VI's increasingly popular cousin Richard, Duke of York, of
misconduct of the war in France and misrule of the country.
Starting in 1453, Henry had a series of mental breakdowns, and
tensions mounted between Margaret and Richard of York over control
of the incapacitated King's government and over the question of
succession to the English throne. Civil war broke out in 1455,
leading to a long period of dynastic conflict now known as the
Wars of the Roses. Henry was deposed on 4 March 1461 by Richard's
son, who took the throne as Edward IV. Despite Margaret continuing
to lead a resistance to Edward, Henry was captured by Edward's
forces in 1465 and imprisoned in the Tower of London. Henry was
restored to the throne in 1470 but Edward retook power in 1471,
killing Henry's only son and heir-apparent, Edward of Westminster,
in battle and imprisoning Henry once again. Having "lost his
wits, his two kingdoms and his only son", Henry died during
the night in The Wakefield Tower in The Tower Of London, possibly
killed on the orders of King Edward IV, having "lost his
wits, his two kingdoms and his only son" in the words of The
Warkworth's Chronicle, now styled "Warkworth's"
Chronicle, formerly ascribed to John Warkworth, a Master of
Peterhouse, Cambridge. He was buried at Chertsey Abbey, a
Benedictine monastery located at Chertsey in the English county of
Surrey, then reburied in 1484 at St. George's Chapel, Windsor
Castle in Windsor, Berkshire, England. Henry VI left a legacy of
educational institutions, having founded Eton College, King's
College, Cambridge, and (together with Henry Chichele) All Souls
College, Oxford. Shakespeare wrote a trilogy of plays about his
life, depicting him as weak-willed and easily influenced by his
wife, Margaret. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Gray
Ghost: John Singleton Mosby Civil War MP4 Video Download DVD
December 6, 1833: #BOTD: John S. Mosby,
also known by "The Gray Ghost", Confederate army cavalry
battalion commander in the American Civil War (d. May 30, 1916) is
#born John Singleton Mosby in Powhatan County, Virginia. His
command, the 43rd Battalion, Virginia Cavalry, was able to elude
their Union Army pursuers and disappear by blending in with local
farmers and townsmen in an area of northern central Virginia in
which Mosby operated with impunity, an area which became known as
"Mosby's Confederacy". Mosby spoke out against
secession, but reluctantly joined the Confederate army as a
private at the outbreak of the war. He first served in William
"Grumble" Jones's Washington Mounted Rifles. Jones
became a Major and was instructed to form a more collective
"Virginia Volunteers", which he created with two mounted
companies and eight companies of infantry and riflemen, including
the Washington Mounted Rifles. Mosby thought the Virginia
Volunteers lacked congeniality, and he wrote to the governor
requesting to be transferred. However, his request was not
granted. The Virginia Volunteers participated in the First Battle
of Bull Run (First Manassas) in July 1861. In April 1862, the
Confederate Congress passed the Partisan Ranger Act which
"provides that such partisan rangers, after being regularly
received into service, shall be entitled to the same pay, rations,
and quarters, during their term of service, and be subject to the
same regulations, as other soldiers." By June 1862, Mosby was
scouting for J.E.B. Stuart during the Peninsular Campaign,
including supporting Stuart's "Ride Around McClellan",
which Mosby himself had first espied, communicated to his
superiors and offered the strategy used by Stuart to succeed.
Mosby was captured on July 20 by Union cavalry while waiting for a
train at the Beaverdam Depot in Hanover County, Virginia. Mosby
was imprisoned in the Old Capitol Prison in Washington, D.C. for
ten days before being exchanged as part of the war's first
prisoner exchange. Even as a prisoner Mosby spied on his enemy.
During a brief stopover at Fort Monroe he detected an unusual
buildup of shipping in Hampton Roads and learned they were
carrying thousands of troops under Ambrose Burnside from North
Carolina on their way to reinforce John Pope in the Northern
Virginia Campaign. When he was released, Mosby walked to the army
headquarters outside Richmond and personally related his findings
to Robert E. Lee. After The Battle Of Fredericksburg, in December,
1862, Mosby and his senior officer J.E.B. Stuart led raids behind
Union lines in Prince William, Fairfax and Loudoun counties,
seeking to disrupt federal communications and supplies between
Washington D.C. and Fredericksburg, as well as provision their own
forces. As the year ended, at Oakham Farm in Loudoun County,
Virginia Mosby gathered with various horsemen from Middleburg,
Virginia who decided to form what became known as Mosby's Rangers.
In January 1863, Stuart, with Lee's concurrence, authorized Mosby
to form and take command of the 43rd Battalion Virginia Cavalry.
This was later expanded into Mosby's Command, a regimental-sized
unit of partisan rangers operating in Northern Virginia. The 43rd
Battalion operated officially as a unit of The Army Of Northern
Virginia, subject to the commands of Lee and Stuart, but its men
(1,900 of whom served from January 1863 through April 1865) lived
outside of the norms of regular army cavalrymen. The Confederate
government certified special rules to govern the conduct of
partisan rangers. These included sharing in the disposition of
spoils of war. They had no camp duties and lived scattered among
the civilian population. Mosby required proof from any volunteer
that he had not deserted from the regular service, and only about
10% of his men had served previously in the Confederate Army. The
partisan rangers proved controversial among Confederate army
regulars, who thought they encouraged desertion as well as morale
problems in the countryside as potential soldiers would favor
sleeping in their own (or friendly) beds and capturing booty to
the hardships and privations of traditional military campaigns.
Mosby was thus enrolled in the Provisional Army of the Confederate
States and soon promoted to lieutenant colonel on January 21,
1864, and to colonel, December 7, 1864. Mosby carefully screened
potential recruits, and required each to bring his own horse.
Several weeks after General Robert E. Lee's surrender, Mosby's
status was uncertain. Finally, on April 21, 1865, in Salem,
Virginia, Mosby, rather than surrender, disbanded the rangers, and
on the following day many former rangers rode their worst horses
to Winchester to surrender, receive paroles and return to their
homes. Mosby himself surrendered on June 17, one of the last
Confederate officers to do so. After the war, Mosby became a
Republican and worked as an attorney, supporting his former enemy,
U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant. He also served as the American
consul to Hong Kong and in the U.S. Department Of Justice. John
Singleton Mosby died of complications after throat surgery in a
Washington, D.C. hospital aged 82, noting at the end that it was
Memorial Day. He is buried at the Warrenton Cemetery in Warrenton,
Virginia. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Sold Down
The River: Black Freedom Lost After Civil War DVD, MP4, USB
December 6, 1865: The Reconstruction Era
(Reconstruction): The Constitution Of The United States: The
Reconstruction Amendments: Slavery In The United States: The End
Of Slavery In The United States: The Thirteenth Amendment To The
United States Constitution (Amendment XIII): -- The Thirteenth
Amendment to the Constitution is ratified, abolishing slavery in
the U.S.. The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United
States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude,
except as punishment for a crime (punishment called Penal Labor).
In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by
the House on January 31, 1865. The amendment was ratified by the
required number of states on December 6, 1865 when Georgia
ratified the amendment. On December 18, 1865, Secretary Of State
William H. Seward proclaimed its adoption. It was the first of the
three Reconstruction Amendments adopted following the American
Civil War. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Washington, D.C. History Video Set DVD, MP4 Download, USB Flash
Drive
December 6, 1884: National Monuments:
National Monuments Of The United States: The Washington Monument:
-- The Washington Monument in Washington, D.C. is completed. It is
an obelisk (a tall, four-sided, narrow tapering monument which
ends in a pyramid-like shape or pyramidion at the top) on the
National Mall in Washington, D.C., built to commemorate George
Washington, once Commander-In-Chief of the Continental Army and
the first President of the United States. Located almost due east
of the Reflecting Pool and the Lincoln Memorial, the monument,
made of marble, granite, and bluestone gneiss, is both the world's
tallest stone structure and the world's tallest obelisk, standing
554 feet 7 11/32 inches (169.046 m) tall according to the National
Geodetic Survey (measured 2013-14) or 555 feet 5 1/8 inches
(169.294 m) tall according to the National Park Service (measured
1884). It is the tallest monumental column in the world if all are
measured above their pedestrian entrances. Construction of the
monument began in 1848, and was halted from 1854 to 1877 due to a
lack of funds, a struggle for control over the Washington National
Monument Society, and the intervention of the American Civil War.
Although the stone structure was completed in 1884, internal
ironwork, the knoll, and other finishing touches were not
completed until 1888. A difference in shading of the marble,
visible approximately 150 feet (46 m) or 27% up, shows where
construction was halted and later resumed with marble from a
different source. The original design was by Robert Mills, but he
did not include his proposed colonnade due to a lack of funds,
proceeding only with a bare obelisk. Despite many proposals to
embellish the obelisk, only its original flat top was altered to a
pointed marble pyramidion, in 1884. The cornerstone was laid on
July 4, 1848; the first stone was laid atop the unfinished stump
on August 7, 1880; the capstone was set on December 6, 1884; the
completed monument was dedicated on February 21, 1885; and
officially opened October 9, 1888. Upon completion, it became the
world's tallest structure, a title previously held by the Cologne
Cathedral. The monument held this designation until 1889, when the
Eiffel Tower was completed in Paris, France. The monument was
damaged during the 2011 Virginia earthquake and Hurricane Irene in
the same year and remained closed to the public while the
structure was assessed and repaired. After 32 months of repairs,
the National Park Service and the Trust for the National Mall
reopened the Washington Monument to visitors on May 12, 2014. The
monument was closed again in September 2016 due to reliability
issues with the elevator system. On December 2, 2016, the National
Park Service announced that the monument would be closed until
2019 in order to modernize the elevator. The 2-3M USD project will
correct the elevator's ongoing mechanical, electrical and computer
issues, which have shuttered the monument since August 17. The
National Park Service has also requested funding in its FY 2017
President's Budget Request to construct a permanent screening
facility for the Washington Monument. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Golden
Age Of Second Avenue DVD, MP4 Video Download, Flash Drive
December 6, 1889: #BOTD: #HBD! Celia
Adler, Yiddish American actress, known as "The First Lady Of
The Yiddish Theatre" (d. January 31, 1979) is #born Tzirele
Adler to Jacob Adler and Dinah Shtettin, both actors in the
Yiddish theater. From a young age, she was referred to as Celia.
She was the half-sister of Stella Adler, Luther Adler, and Jacob
Adler's five other children. Unlike Stella and Luther, who became
well known for their work with the Group Theater and their film
work and as theorists of the craft of acting, she was almost
exclusively a stage actress. Celia's mother, Dinah Shtettin, was
the second wife of Jacob Adler, whose first wife had died. The
couple had met and married in London, and they arrived in the
United States from there shortly before Celia's birth. They
divorced when Celia was a young child when Adler eloped with Sara
Heine, although they continued to work together in the theater.
Shtettin subsequently married the actor and playwright Sigmund
Feinman, and Celia was raised by her mother and stepfather.
Needing work, Shtettin continued to work with Adler's troupe and
brought Celia onstage as a prop as young as six months old. When
Celia was four, she acted in The Yiddish King Lear alongside her
father and step-mother, in a role playwright Jacob Gordin had
written specifically for her. Celia used her stepfather's last
name when she was growing up but later changed her name to "Adler"
for her stage career. After playing many child roles in the
Yiddish theater, Adler distanced herself from the theater for a
time during her teenage years, but then resumed her acting career
in 1909 as Celia Feinman with the encouragement of the actress
Bertha Kalisch, with whom she co-starred in a production of
Hermann Sudermann's play Heimat. Adler acted alongside her mother
in the London Pavilion Theatre, and they toured together in 1910.
When she was hired by Boris Thomashefsky as an understudy for the
New York People's Theater, and she signed on as Celia Adler. Her
first several years of acting were difficult, as she moved between
temporary contracts in the male-dominated field. Adler's first
major dramatic success was in Ossip Dymou's "The Eternal
Wanderer," at Boris Thomashefsky's National Theater in New
York in 1913. In 1918, she was hired by the Yiddish Art Theater,
which put on as many as thirty-five plays per season and relied on
actors ad-libbing their lines. Adler was typically cast as a
weeping maiden or desperate mother. Adler and Jacob Ben-Ami
convinced director Maurice Schwartz to stage a serious drama,
which was an instant hit, but did not ultimately change Schwartz's
directing style. Because of this, in 1919, Ben-Ami separated from
The Yiddish Art Theater and formed The Jewish Art Theater, which
Adler joined. This theater featured Jewish playwrights and Yiddish
translations of English, Russian, and German plays, and performed
at The Irving Palace Theater. However, this theater was
short-lived due to a conflict with the financial backer. In the
1921-22 season, Adler was the leading lady in Schwartz's troupe.
The next year, she was a guest star in Philadelphia with Anshel
Schorr and touring Europe and America with Ludwig Satz. In
1927-28, she directed her own repertory company. The next year,
she re-encountered her childhood acquaintance theater manager and
actor Jack Cone, who suggested he marry her so he could join her
on her journey to perform in Buenos Aires and appease her fear of
traveling alone. During her career, Adler created leading roles in
Yiddish versions of many classic plays, including the work of
Hauptmann, Sudermann, Ibsen, Shaw and Shakespeare. As
Yiddish-language theater became less popular with the dispersal of
the Jewish community and decrease in Yiddish-speakers, Adler made
her loyalty to the genre clear; when she acted in an English
version of David Pinski's The Treasure, she wrote a letter in the
newspaper "The Yiddish World" assuring her fans that
this was temporary. After World War II, Adler was contracted by
the Jewish Welfare Board to entertain troops in American military
camps with an English and Yiddish program that she later brought
off-Broadway. In 1946, Adler gave one of the first theatrical
portrayals of a Holocaust survivor in Luther Adler's Broadway
production A Flag Is Born (written by Ben Hecht and featuring a
22-year-old Marlon Brando, Stella Adler's prize pupil in method
acting). Adler, along with co-stars Paul Muni and Marlon Brando,
refused to accept compensation above the Actor's Equity minimum
wage because of her commitment to the cause of creating a Jewish
State in Israel. While this play was expected to run for a month,
it lasted thirty weeks. Adler's last appearance on stage was in
1961 in A Worm In Horseradish. After her death, she continued to
occasionally act at recitals, benefits, and lectures until her
death. In 1937, Celia Adler starred in the Henry Lynn Yiddish
film, Where Is My Child. From 1937-1952, she appeared in several
films and television programs. Her last film was a 1985 British
documentary with archive footage, Almonds and Raisins, narrated
by, among others, Orson Welles, Herschel Bernardi and Seymour
Rechzeit. She was married three times, to actor Lazar Freed,
theatrical manager Jack Cone, and businessman Nathan Forman. She
and Freed married in 1914; they had one child, Selwyn (Zelig)
Freed and divorced in 1919. In 1930 Adler married Cone, who was
her manager at the time; he died in 1959. Later that same year she
married Forman, who died just one month before Adler herself died
in her home town of New York City of a stroke, aged 89. She is
buried in the Yiddish Theatre Section of Mount Hebron Cemetery in
New York City. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: George
Gershwin Remembered DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Flash Drive
December 6, 1896: #BOTD: #HBD! Ira
Gershwin, American songwriter and lyricist who collaborated with
his younger brother, composer George Gershwin, to create some of
the most memorable songs of the 20th century (d. August 17, 1983)
is #born Israel Gershowitz in New York City. With George he wrote
more than a dozen Broadway shows, featuring songs such as "I
Got Rhythm", "Embraceable You", "The Man I
Love" and "Someone to Watch Over Me". He was also
responsible, along with DuBose Heyward, for the libretto to
George's opera Porgy and Bess. The success the Gershwin brothers
had with their collaborative works has often overshadowed the
creative role that Ira played. His mastery of songwriting
continued, however, after the early death of George. He wrote
additional hit songs with composers Jerome Kern, Kurt Weill, Harry
Warren and Harold Arlen. His critically acclaimed 1959 book Lyrics
on Several Occasions, an amalgam of autobiography and annotated
anthology, is an important source for studying the art of the
lyricist in the golden age of American popular song. Ira Gershwin
died of heart disease in Beverly Hills, California at the age of
86. He is interred at Westchester Hills Cemetery,
Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: A Moment
In Time (1976) Film History DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
December 6, 1898: #BOTD: #HBD! Alfred
Eisenstaedt, known as "Eisie" to his close friends,
German-born American photographer and photojournalist (d. August
23, 1995) is #born to a Jewish family in Dirschau, West Prussia,
German Empire (now Tczew, Poland). Eisenstaedt was fascinated by
photography from his youth and began taking pictures at age 11
when he was given his first camera, an Eastman Kodak Folding
Camera with roll film. He later served in the German Army's
artillery during World War I and was wounded in 1918. While
working as a belt and button salesman in the 1920s in Weimar
Germany, Eisenstaedt began taking photographs as a freelancer for
the Pacific and Atlantic Photos' Berlin office in 1928. The office
was taken over by the Associated Press in 1931. Eisenstaedt became
a full-time photographer in 1929 when he was hired by the
Associated Press office in Germany, and within a year he was
described as a "photographer extraordinaire." He also
worked for Illustrierte Zeitung, published by Ullstein Verlag,
then the world's largest publishing house. Four years later he
photographed the famous first meeting between Adolf Hitler and
Benito Mussolini in Italy. Other notable early pictures by
Eisenstaedt include his depiction of a waiter at the ice rink of
the Grand Hotel in St. Moritz in 1932 and Joseph Goebbels at the
League of Nations in Geneva in 1933. Although initially friendly,
Goebbels scowled at Eisenstaedt when he took the photograph, after
learning that Eisenstaedt was Jewish. The oppression of the Jews
in Hitler's Nazi Germany caused Eisenstadt and his family to
emigrate to the U.S. They arrived in 1935 and settled in New York,
where he subsequently became a naturalized citizen, and joined
fellow Associated Press emigres Leon Daniel and Celia Kutschuk in
their PIX Publishing photo agency founded that year. The following
year, 1936, Time founder Henry Luce bought Life magazine, and
Eisenstaedt, already noted for his photography in Europe, was
asked to join the new magazine as one of its original staff of
four photographers, including Margaret Bourke-White and Robert
Capa. He remained a staff photographer from 1936 to 1972,
achieving notability for his photojournalism of news events and
celebrities. Along with entertainers and celebrities, he
photographed politicians, philosophers, artists, industrialists,
and authors during his career with Life. By 1972, he had
photographed nearly 2,500 stories and had more than 90 of his
photos on the cover. Among his most famous cover photographs was
V-J Day in Times Square, taken during the V-J Day celebration in
New York City, showing "an exuberant American sailor kissing
a nurse in a dancelike dip [that] summed up the euphoria many
Americans felt as the war came to a close." With Life's
circulation of two million readers, Eisenstaedt's reputation
increased substantially. In subsequent years, he also worked for
Harper's Bazaar, Vogue, Town & Country and others. From his
early years as professional photographer he became an enthusiast
for small 35 mm film cameras, especially the Leica camera. Unlike
most news photographers at the time who relied on much larger and
less portable 4"_5" press cameras with flash
attachments, Eisenstaedt preferred the smaller hand-held Leica,
which gave him greater speed and more flexibility when shooting
news events or capturing candids of people in action. His photos
were also notable as a result of his typical use of natural light
as opposed to relying on flash lighting. In 1944, Life described
him as the "dean of today's miniature-camera experts."
At the time, this style of photojournalism, with a smaller camera
with its ability to use available light, was then in its infancy.
It also helped Eisenstaedt create a more relaxed atmosphere when
shooting famous people where he was able to capture more natural
poses and expressions: "They don't take me too seriously with
my little camera," he stated. "I don't come as a
photographer. I come as a friend." It was a style he learned
from his 35 years in Europe, where he preferred shooting informal,
unposed portraits, along with extended picture stories. As a
result, Life began using more such photo stories, with the
magazine becoming a recognized source of such photojournalism of
the world's luminaries. Of Life's photographers, Eisenstaedt was
most noted for his "human interest" photos and less the
hard news images used by most news publications. His success at
establishing a relaxed setting for his subjects was not without
difficulties, however, when he needed to capture the feeling he
wanted. Anthony Eden, resistant to being photographed, called
Eisenstaedt "the gentle executioner." Similarly, Winston
Churchill told him where to place the camera to get a good
picture, and during a photo shoot of Ernest Hemingway in his boat,
Hemingway, in a rage, tore his own shirt to shreds and threatened
to throw Eisenstaedt overboard. Eisenstaedt enjoyed his annual
August vacations on the island of Martha's Vineyard for 50 years.
During these summers, he would conduct photographic experiments,
working with different lenses, filters, and prisms in natural
light. Eisenstaedt was fond of Martha's Vineyard's photogenic
lighthouses and was the focus of lighthouse fundraisers organized
by Vineyard Environmental Research Institute (VERI). Two years
before his death, Eisenstaedt photographed President Bill Clinton
with wife Hillary and daughter Chelsea. The session took place at
the Granary Gallery in West Tisbury on Martha's Vineyard and was
documented by a photograph published in People magazine on
September 13, 1993. After first settling in New York City in 1935,
Eisenstaedt lived in Jackson Heights, Queens (NYC) for the rest of
his life. He met Kathy Kaye, a South African woman, and married
her in 1949. The couple had no children and remained together
until her death in 1972. Until shortly before Eisenstaedt's death,
he would walk daily from his home to his Life office on the Avenue
of the Americas and 51st Street. Alfred Eisenstaedt died in his
bed at midnight at his beloved Menemsha Inn cottage known as the
"Pilot House" in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts at age 96 in
the company of his sister-in-law, Lucille Kaye, and a friend,
William E. Marks. He is buried at Mount Hebron Cemetery in
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Portraits
Of American Presidents Nos. 1-42 TV Series MP4 Download DVD
December 6, 1904: The United States: The
History Of The United States: Foreign Policy Doctrines Of The
United States: The Monroe Doctrine: The Roosevelt Corollary: --
Theodore Roosevelt issues his corollary to the Monroe Doctrine,
known as The Roosevelt Corollary, during his State Of The Union
Address, stating that the U.S. would intervene in the Western
Hemisphere should Latin American governments prove incapable or
unstable. This was a reaction to the Venezuela Crisis of 1902-03,
a naval blockade imposed against Venezuela by the United Kingdom,
Germany and Italy, over President Cipriano Castro's refusal to pay
foreign debts and damages suffered by European citizens in the
Venezuelan civil war. At the time, US president Theodore Roosevelt
and the Department of State saw the Monroe Doctrine as concerning
European seizure of territory, rather than outright intervention.
With prior promises that no such seizure would occur, the US
allowed the action to go ahead without objection. The blockade saw
Venezuela's small navy quickly disabled, but Castro refused to
give in, and instead agreed in principle to submit some of the
claims to international arbitration, which he had previously
rejected. Germany initially objected to this, particularly as it
felt some claims should be accepted by Venezuela without
arbitration. President Roosevelt forced the Germans to back down
by sending his own larger fleet under Admiral George Dewey and
threatening war if the Germans landed. When the Permanent Court of
Arbitration in The Hague subsequently awarded preferential
treatment to the blockading powers against the claims of other
nations, the US feared this would encourage future European
intervention. The episode contributed to the development of the
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, asserting a right of
the United States to intervene to "stabilize" the
economic affairs of small states in the Caribbean and Central
America if they were unable to pay their international debts, in
order to preclude European intervention to do so. Roosevelt tied
his policy to the Monroe Doctrine, and it was also consistent with
his foreign policy included in his Big Stick Diplomacy. Roosevelt
stated that in keeping with the Monroe Doctrine, the United States
was justified in exercising "international police power"
to put an end to chronic unrest or wrongdoing in the Western
Hemisphere. While the Monroe Doctrine had sought to prevent
European intervention, the Roosevelt Corollary was used to justify
US intervention throughout the hemisphere. In 1934, President
Franklin D. Roosevelt renounced interventionism and established
his Good Neighbor policy for the Western Hemisphere. On Sale @ 15%
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: G-Men: The
Rise Of J. Edgar Hoover DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
December 6, 1908: #BOTD: Baby Face
Nelson, also known by the alias George Nelson, an FBI Public Enemy
Number One, American gangster and bank robber in the 1930s (d.
November 27, 1934), is #born Lester Joseph Gillis in Chicago,
Illinois. He was arrested on July 4, 1921 at age twelve, after
accidentally shooting a playmate in the jaw with a pistol that he
had found. He served over a year in the state reformatory. Nelson
was arrested again for car theft and joyriding at age 13 and was
sent to a penal school for an additional 18 months. Nelson was
released on April 11, 1924. Nelson joined a gang during his
mid-teens and became its leader. He was given the nickname Baby
Face Nelson due to his small stature and somewhat youthful
appearance, although few dared call him that to his face. Criminal
associates instead called him "Jimmy". He became
partners with John Dillinger, helping him escape from prison in
Crown Point, Indiana. Nelson and the remaining gang members were
labeled as public enemy number one. Nelson was responsible for
killing more FBI agents than any other person. Baby Face Nelson
died in an intense and deadly gunfight between FBI agents and
Nelson in the town of Barrington, outside Chicago, Illinois. It
resulted in the deaths of Nelson, Federal Agent Herman "Ed"
Hollis and Agent/Inspector Samuel P. Cowley. He is buried at Saint
Joseph Cemetery in River Grove, Cook County, Illinois. On Sale @
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
History Of Jazz A Video Retrospective DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
December 6, 1920: #BOTD: #HBD! Dave
Brubeck, American jazz pianist and composer, considered to be one
of the foremost exponents of cool jazz (d. December 5, 2012) is
#born David Warren Brubeck in Concord, California. Brubeck had
Swiss ancestry (the family surname was originally Brodbeck), and
possibly Native American Modoc lineage, while his maternal
grandparents were English and German. Dave Brubeck wrote a number
of jazz standards, including "In Your Own Sweet Way" and
"The Duke". Brubeck' style ranged from refined to
bombastic, reflecting his mother' attempts at classical training
and his improvisational skills. His music is known for employing
unusual time signatures, and superimposing contrasting rhythms,
meters, and tonalities. His long-time musical partner, alto
saxophonist Paul Desmond, wrote the saxophone melody for the Dave
Brubeck Quartet' best remembered piece, "Take Five",
which is in 5/4 time and has endured as a jazz classic on one of
the top-selling jazz albums, Time Out. Brubeck experimented with
time signatures throughout his career, recording "Pick Up
Sticks" in 6/4, "Unsquare Dance" in 7/4, "World'
Fair" in 13/4, and "Blue Rondo a la Turk" in 9/8.
He was also a respected composer of orchestral and sacred music
and wrote soundtracks for television, such as Mr. Broadway and the
animated miniseries This Is America, Charlie Brown. Dave Brubeck
died of heart failure in Norwalk, Connecticut, one day before his
92nd birthday, while on his way to a cardiology appointment,
accompanied by his son Darius. A birthday party concert had been
planned for him with family and famous guests. He is interred at
Umpawaug Cemetery in Redding, Connecticut. A memorial tribute was
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: James
Joyce's Ulysses + Portrait Of The Artist DVD, MP4, USB Drive
December 6, 1933: Censorship: Obscenity
Controversies In Literature: Freedom Of Speech (Freedom Of
Expression): Ulysses (Novel): United States v. One Book Called
Ulysses: -- U.S. federal judge John M. Woolsey rules in the case
of United States v. One Book Called Ulysses that James Joyce's
novel Ulysses is not obscene. Even before its publication in 1922,
serialized chapters of the book appearing in The Little Review
literary magazine as early as 1918 were being seized and burned by
the US Postal Service as early as 1919. The publishers were
arrested on October 4, 1920 and charged with obscenity for
publishing the "Nausicaa" episode of Ulysses. The trial
was held in February 1921, and a panel of three judges decided
that the passages from the "Nausicaa" episode did indeed
constitute obscenity. In 1933 Random House, which had the rights
to publish the entire book in the United States, decided to bring
a test case to challenge the de facto ban, so as to publish the
work without fear of prosecution. It therefore made an arrangement
to import the edition published in France, and to have a copy
seized by the U.S. Customs Service when the ship carrying the work
arrived. Although Customs had been told in advance of the
anticipated arrival of the book, the local official declined to
confiscate it, stating "everybody brings that in." He
and his superior were finally convinced to seize the work. The
United States Attorney then took seven months before deciding
whether to proceed further. While the Assistant U.S. Attorney
assigned to assess the work's obscenity felt that it was a
"literary masterpiece," he also believed it to be
obscene within the meaning of the law. The book has attracted
controversy and scrutiny, ranging from the 1921 obscenity trial in
America to protracted textual "Joyce Wars". Ulysses's
stream-of-consciousness technique, careful structuring, and
experimental prose - full of puns, parodies, and allusions - as
well as its rich characterisation and broad humour, have led it to
be regarded as one of the greatest literary works. Joyce fans
worldwide now celebrate June 16 as Bloomsday. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Franz
Kafka Biography / The Trial / The Metamorphosis MP4 Download DVD
December 6, 1953: Literature: -- Lolita,
the Russian-American novelist, poet, translator and entomologist
Vladimir Nabokov's controversial novel in which a middle-aged
literature professor under the pseudonym Humbert Humbert becomes
sexually involved with 12-year-old Dolores Haze after he becomes
her stepfather, is completed. "Lolita" is his private
nickname for Dolores. The novel was originally written in English
and first published in Paris in 1955 by Olympia Press. Later it
was translated into Russian by Nabokov himself and published in
New York City in 1967 by Phaedra Publishers. Lolita quickly
attained a classic status. The novel was adapted into a film by
Stanley Kubrick in 1962, and another film by Adrian Lyne in 1997.
It has also been adapted several times for the stage and has been
the subject of two operas, two ballets, and an acclaimed but
commercially unsuccessful Broadway musical. Its assimilation into
popular culture is such that the name "Lolita" has been
used to imply that a young girl is sexually precocious. Many
authors consider it the greatest work of the 20th century, and it
has been included in several lists of best books, such as Time's
List of the 100 Best Novels, Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century,
Bokklubben World Library, Modern Library's 100 Best Novels, and
The Big Read. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Legacy
With Michael Wood World History TV Series DVD, MP4, USB Stick
December 6, 1971: The Aftermath Of World
War II: The Cold War: The Cold War In Asia: Indo-Pakistani Wars
And Conflicts: The Bangladesh Liberation War: -- The Democratic
Republic Of Bangladesh, formerly East Pakistan until it declared
its independence from Pakistan on March 26, 1971, receives
diplomatic recognition by India; Pakistan responds by breaking off
diplomatic relations with India. Bangladesh (Bengali: pronounced
BONG-lah-daysh), officially the People's Republic Of Bangladesh,
is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a
population exceeding 162 million people. In terms of landmass,
Bangladesh ranks 92nd, spanning 148,460 square kilometres (57,320
sq mi), making it one of the most densely populated countries in
the world. Bangladesh shares land borders with India to the west,
north, and east, Myanmar to the southeast, and the Bay of Bengal
to the south. It is narrowly separated from Nepal and Bhutan by
the Siliguri Corridor, and from China by Sikkim, in the north,
respectively. Dhaka, the capital and largest city, is the nation's
economic, political, and cultural hub. Chittagong, the largest
seaport, is the second-largest city. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
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Challenge Of The Yukon Old Time Radio Series MP3 Set DVD Download
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Charlie Chaplin Carnival, Festival & Cavalcade DVD, MP4, USB
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Lewis Documentary Biography DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
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Dancing Man: Peg Leg Bates DVD, MP4 Video Download, Flash Drive
Today's
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Roll An Unruly History 10 Part TV Series MP4 Video Download DVD
Today's
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War 1 TV Series With Robert Ryan DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
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Drive
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Mostly Mozart Festival Orchestra 1990 DVD, Download, Flash Drive
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Shadow Complete Old Time Radio Series MP3 Set DVD, MP4, USB Drive
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Martin's Laugh-In MegaSet 2 Albums 2 Blooper Sets MP3 MP4 DVD
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